In sha Allah in Lesson 1 we will Learn
Parts of speech in Arabic
Vowels in Arabic
Demonstrative pronouns
Asma al-isharati/أَسْمَاءِ الإِشَارَةِ
Arabic demonstrative article for closer object.
This is/hadha/هَـٰذَا
This is a book/hadha kitabun/هَـٰذَا كِتَابٌ
What is This?/ma hadha?/مَا هَـٰذَا؟
Is This?/ahadha?/أَهَـٰذَ ؟
Who is this?/man hadha?/ مَنْ هَـٰذَا؟
This is a boy/hadha waladun/هَـٰذَا وَلَدٌ
Lesson 01 Class 01 Book 1
Parts of speech in Arabic
Before explaining you part of speech in Arabic language, I will remind you parts of speech in English.
Parts of speech in English
English Language has 8 parts of speech, they are:
1. Noun: word refers to thing, place, person.
2. Pronoun: word that replaces the noun, such as: he, she, you, etc.
3. Adjective: word that describes a noun, such as: high, tall, short, etc.
4. Adverb: word that gives additional information to verb, such as: slowly, tomorrow, etc.
5. Verb: Word that describe the action, such as: run, study, etc.
6. Interjection: Word that is independent of other words, such as: hello, etc.
7. Conjunction: Word that joins two clauses in a sentence, such as: and, but, etc.
8. Preposition: Word used to relate a noun/pronoun to some other part, such as: at, of, etc.
Parts of speech in Arabic
Arabic language has 3 parts of speech, they are:
1. Noun/Ismun/اِسْمٌ
2. Verb/Fe'alun/فِعْلٌ
3. Letter of Particles/Harfun/حَرْفٌ
Parts of speech in Arabic vs. English
Observe the image below to make you understand part of speech in Arabic vs. English
Parts of Speech English vs Arabic
Parts of Speech 2
Parts of Speech
Lesson 01 Class 02 Book 1
Lesson 01-01 Notes
There are no capital and small letters in Arabic: words that start a sentence are written the same as words in the
middle of a sentence, and no distinction is made for the names of people or places.
The Arabic alphabet is cursive: there’s essentially no difference between the way it is written by hand and the way
it is printed.
Since the letters are almost all joined together (there are just a few that aren’t), they take different forms depending
on where they appear in a word.
While this sounds complicated, each letter has a basic (stand alone) form that is modified slightly to make it join the
letters around it.
There are no capital and small letters in Arabic: words that start a sentence are written the same as words in the
middle of a sentence, and no distinction is made for the names of people or places.
The Arabic alphabet is cursive: there’s essentially no difference between the way it is written by hand and the way
it is printed.
Since the letters are almost all joined together (there are just a few that aren’t), they take different forms depending
on where they appear in a word.
While this sounds complicated, each letter has a basic (stand alone) form that is modified slightly to make it join the
letters around it.
Lesson 01 Class 03 Book 1
Arabic Vowel Signs
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Lesson 01-02 Notes
There are three short vowels in the Arabic language. Unlike vowels in English, they are indicated by strokes:
Fathah, Dhammah & Kasrah ِ
As mentioned earlier, indefinite nominals ends with nunation, تَنْوِيْنٌ ( tanwin) i.e either with
ً ( double Fathah ) or with
ٌ ( double Dhammah ) or with
ٍ ( double Kasrah ).
There are three consonants ا,و,ي which are described by the Arabic Grammarians as حروف العلة( huruf al-‘ilah ), weak or irregular letters.
They are used for lengthening the vowels. When they are used as lengtheners, they do not admit any vowel sign.
These three letters are often interchanged or dropped under the influence of other letters In sha Allah we will explain it later.
In Arabic orthography, there is no distinction between a proper noun and a noun, whereas in English proper nouns are written with the first letter capitalized. Proper nouns in Arabic are known by convention.
Most of the Arabic words in the Al-Quran ( about 95% ), called indeclinable , مَبْنِيٌّ (mabniyyun), remain static or stationary in their original form under all the varied conditions. These include the following :
Personal pronouns
Possessive pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns
Relative pronouns
However, some words ( about 5% ) are declinable, مُعْرَبٌ (mu’rabun). The Arabic nominals changes its original form or the case ending under different grammatical conditions (which are explained later) :
It can either be in the Nominative case, مرفوع ( marfu), the Accusative case , منصوب ( mansub ) or the Genitive case, مجرور
(majrur) .
a) Nominative case, مرفوع ( marfu’ ) هُوَ وَلَدٌ huwa waladun (He is a boy)
b) Accusative case , منصوب ( mansub ) مَدَحَ وَلَدًا madaha waladan (He praised a boy)
c) Genitive case,مجرور ( majrur ) خَرَجَ مَعَ وَلَدٍ kharaja ma’a waladin (He went out with a boy)
The literal meaning of the words remains the same in all the different conditions, however, their function in a sentence changes according to the different grammatical considerations.
In modern English, nominative and accusative cases are called as subjective and objective cases.
الْكُرْسِيُّ مَكْسُورٌ
al kursiu maksurun
The chair is broken
here al kursiun/الْكُرْسِيُّ is mubtida/ مبتدأ
(subject) and maksurun مَكْسُورٌ is khaber خبر (predicate)or(object)
LESSON 01 - الدَّرْسُ الأوَّلُ
This is /hadha/ هَـٰذَا
01-1A-Introduction
Please read the sentences below. After completing the sentences we shall go over the rules for this lesson.
In Part 1 of Lesson 1 we will learn how to use the pronoun هَـٰذَا/Hadha which means 'This' (called the demonstrative pronoun in grammar).
Hādhā/ is pronounced هَاذَا but is written without the first /alif/. The second word is the noun (object) being referred to, e.g.: بَيْتٌ /baitun means house.
هَـٰذَا بَيْتٌ
Hadha Baitun
This is a house
هَـٰذَا مَسْجِدٌ
Hadha Masjidun
This is a mosque
هَـٰذَا بَابٌ
Hadha Babun
This is a door
هَـٰذَا كِتَابٌ
Hadha Kitabun
This is a book
هَـٰذَا قَلَمٌ
Hadha Qalamun
This is a pen
هَـٰذَا مِفْتَاحٌ
Hadha Miftahun
This is a key
هَـٰذَا مَكْتَبٌ
Hadha Maktabun
This is a desk
هَـٰذَا سَرِيرٌ
Hadha sareerun
This is a bed
هَـٰذَا كُرْسِىٌّ
Hadha Kursiun
This is a chair
Arabic has no word which is equal to the English word "is" which is referred to as a “copula” in grammar. We can see this rule demonstrated above where we see the words for هَـٰذَا and the noun/predicate مَسْجِدٌ being referred to without any copula. i.e. هَـٰذَا مَسْجِدٌ If read literally this sentence would read "This a mosque", however, the word "is" can be implied in this sentence so that it reads "This is a mosque".
There is no word in Arabic corresponding to "a" in English as in: "This is a book". The n-sound, i.e. the /tanwīn/ (doubled vowel sign) at the end of the Arabic noun (kitābu-n, baitu-n, masĴidu-n) is the Arabic indefinite article corresponding to the English "a/an".
Lesson 01 Class 04 Page 5
Page 2 Madinah Arabic Reader 1
